[This bibliography, sorted alphabetically within year, contains scholarly articles as well as items from the popular press (which often reference scholarly articles, but are often most useful for the quotes from "people in the know").]

For a more recent bibliography, check out Jo Sanders' new Bibliography on Gender and Technology in Education, now available on the CWIT web site in both PDF and EndNote formats. The URL is http://www.umbc.edu/cwit/itgenderbib/.

Check out www.eschoolnews.com for current articles on education and technology, including gender issues ... "Where K-12 Education and Technology Meet."

2003

Stabiner, Karen, "Where the Girls Aren't,"  The New York Times, January 12, 2003. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/12/edlife/12STABINE.html?ex=1043380924&ei=1&en=712eba3ed13f4cbd.

Article containing anecdotes and ideas on how to get girls interested in technology.

2002

 

Lewis, Diane, "Connecting Women to Technology,"  The Boston Globe, May 12, 2002.  http://bostonworks.boston.com/globe/articles/051202_borg.html.

Brief article featuring an interview with Anita Borg.

The George Lucas Educational Foundation, Edutopia, Josey-Bass, 2002.  

An excellent collection of articles highlighting successful progressive teaching projects and ideas.  Includes topics other than technology.

Margolis, Jane and Allan Fisher, Unlocking the Clubhouse: Women in Computing, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2002.

Offers excellent insight into the mindset of women who entered Carnegie Mellon's prestigious Computer Science programs.  Also offers tips to educators at the high school level on how to encourage/recruit more young women into the discipline.

Pennsylvania Department of Education, Academic Standards for Science and Technology, 22 PA Code, Chapter 4, Appendix B, January 5, 2002.  Available at http://www.pde.state.pa.us/k12/lib/k12/scitech.pdf

Details the current standards set for Pennsylvania schools.

 

2001

 

Bryant, Randal E. and Mary Jane Irwin, "1999-2000 Taulbee Survey:  Current and Future PhD Output Will Not Satisfy Demand for Faculty," Computing Research News, March 2001.

Provides annual statistics on many areas (including gender) of Computer Science at PhD granting institutions.

Paul, Lauren Gibbons, "Why IT Hates Women (and the Women Who Stay Anyway)," CIO Magazine, Sept. 15, 2001.  www.cio.com/archive/091501/women_content.html.

Interesting expose on several women who have climbed the IT ladder.

 

2000

 

American Association of University Women, Tech-Savvy: Educating Girls in the New Computer Age (2000), 2000.

Excellent summary of the problem.  Gives recommendations for all concerned, in particular to teachers, parents, and those in the media.

Balint, Kathryn, "Girls Need to Play Catch-up," The San Diego Union Tribune, April 27, 2000

Breif news article on AAUW's Tech-Savvy.  Quotes Marcia Linn, professor of cognition and development at Stanford.

Borg, Anita, Draft of "Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success,"  The Annals of the New York Academy of Science, Vol. 869.  www.iwt.org/resultsreports/nyaspaper.html.

Interesting insights from the founder of Systers and the Institute for Women and Technology.

Butler, Deborah, "Gender, Girls, and Computer Technology:  What's the Status Now?", The Clearing House, March/April 2000, pp. 225-229.

Excellent literature review referencing dozens of studies.

Carver, Doris, "Research Foundations for Improving Representation of Women in the Information Technology Workforce,"
Virtual Workshop Report, May 29, 2000.

Excellent source for research ideas.  Covers a broader range of issues relating to women in the discipline.

Chaudhry, Lakshmi, "Building the Digital Systerhood,"  www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,34175,00.html.

Interview with Anita Borg, founder of Systers and the Institute for Women and Technology.

Computing Research News, "1998-1999 Taulbee Survey,"  March 2000, pp. 5-11.

The 29th annual report of statistical information documenting trends in student enrollment, employment of graduates, and faculty salaries.  Statistics include breakdowns in terms of gender and enthnicity at all levels of higher education.

Congressional Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering, and Technology Development.  Land of Plenty: Diversity as America's Competitive Edge in Science, Engineering, and Technology, September 2000.  available at www.nsf.gov/od/cawmset/start.htm.

(In the process of reviewing it.)

Cook, Jacqui Podzius, "Girls Reject Tech Careers: Fewer Women Get Computer Degrees, Study Says," The Associated
Press, July 5, 2000, abcnews.go.com/sections/tech/DailyNews/techgirls000705.html.

Gives anecdotal evidence explaining girls' aversion to computer science.  Gives some stats from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.  Briefly discusses IBM's summer technology camps for girls.

Gabbert, Paula and Treu, Kevin, "Opening the Pipeline: Initial Experiences With a Summer Enrichment Program in
Computing for Girls,"  The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges, Vol 15, No. 2, January 2000, pp. 121-127.

Describes a summer computing program designed for middle school age girls, Young Explorers in Computing, at Furman University in 1998.

Headlam, Bruce, "Barbie PC: Fashion Over Logic," The New York Times, January 20, 2000, Late Edition.

Compares Mattels Barbie PC (for girls) and Hot Wheels PC (for boys), reporting that the Barbie version had little more than half of the educational software as the Hot Wheels version.  Quotes from Carol Burger (co-ordinator for the Science and Gender Equite Program at Virginia Tech), Barbara Bogue (director of the Women in Engineering Program at Penn State), Pamela Haag (director of research for the AAUW's Education Foundation), and Dana Henry (Mattel spokeswoman).

Margolis, J., Fisher, A., and Miller, F.  "The Anatomy of Interest: Women in Undergraduate Computer Science," to appear in Women's Studies Quarterly.  available at www.cs.cmu.edu/~gendergap/papers.

Gives an excellent synopsis of the problems faced by young women at the undergraduate level.  Part of the excellent research done at Carnegie Mellon.

National Commission on Mathematics and Science Teaching for the 21st Century.  "Before It's Too Late," Sept. 20, 2000.  available at www.ed.gov/americacounts/glenn/toc.html.

Stresses the need to improve math and science education nationwide.

O'brien, Tia, "Mother of Inventions,"  www.mercurycenter.com/svtech/news/special/borg/story.htm.

Excellent read! Discusses the subtle effect that the absence of women in CS will have on the future of technology in our day to day lives.  Details the efforts of Anita Borg and IWT (Institute of Women and Technology) to promote women and their ideas in the discipline.

Olsen, Florence, "Institute of Women and Technology Works to Bridge the Other Digital Divide,"  The Chronicle of Higher Education, April 7, 2000, page A47.

Gives additional info on IWT's workshops.

Shiver, Jube Jr., "Internet Gender Gap Closes in U.S., Study Says," Los Angeles Times, May 11, 2000, Home Edition.

Cites two studies that indicate that women's Internet usage has risen to the point that it equals that of men.

1999

 

Bhargava, A., Kirova-Petrova, A. and McNair, S.  "Computers, Gender Bias, and Young Children," Information Technology in Childhood Education (1999), pp. 263-274.

A good resource for teachers. Lots of ideas for the classroom.

Bryne, Anne, "Getting the Girls to Boot Up," The Irish Times, april 20, 1999, City Edition.

Reports on a survey done in Ireland to detemine the reasons for women's low participation in CS.

Bryne, Anne, "Addressing the Gender Imbalance in Computing," The Irish Times, November 9, 1999.

Reports on an outreach/mentoring program at Senior College Dun Laoghaire, Co Dublin.

Carter, Janet and Jenkins, Tony, "Gender and Programming: What's Going on?", ITiCSE '99, Cracow, Poland, June, 1999, pp. 1-4.

Reports on a study at the Universities of Kent and Leeds into the ways in which gender influences the learning approach of studnets in programming.

Crombie, Gail, and Armstrong, Patrick, "Effects of Classroom Gender Composition on Adolescents' Computer-Related Attitudes and Future Intentions," Journal of Educational Computing Research, Vol. 20, No. 4, 317-327, 1999.

Reports on a study done of all female versus mixed classes - grade 11.

Gunn, Moira, "Are Women All That Different From Men?", SiliconValey.com, May 25, 1999, www.mercurycenter.com/svtech/news/viewpoints/gunn/docs/mg052599.htm.

Short report on Anita Borg and the efforts of IWT.

Margolis, J., Fisher, A., and Miller, F..  "Caring About Connections: Gender and Computing," IEEE Technology and Society, December 1999.  Avaliable at www.cs.cmu.edu/~gendergap/papers.

Reports on excellent research conducted at Carnegie Mellon.

Mieszkowski, Katharine, "Sisterhood is Digital," www.fastcompany.com/online/27/sisterhood.html.

Great quotes - a must read. Gives additional information on the ideas generated by IWT's wrokshops.

Nagel, Terry, "Designing With Women in Mind: Anita Borg's Institute Urges Products with Femal Perspective," The San Francisco Chronicle, June 7, 1999.

More great quotes - and insights on the female perspective to computing.

National Academy of Sciences.  Being Fluent with Information Technology,  National Academy Press, 1999.  available at http://www.nap.edu/books/030906399X/html/.

A good overview of what every well-educated person should know with respect to technology.

Radcliff, Deborah, "Champions of Women in Technology," January 18, 1999, www.computerworld.com/home/features.nsf/all/990118women.

A good overview of the problem.  Quotes from Anita Borg, Anne Redelfs (associate director at the National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructrure), Lenore Blum (founder of the first computer science program at the all women Mills College), and others.

Smith, Jerd, "Women's Work",  Denver Rocky Mountain News, April 19, 1999.

Reports on the overall problem of women in technology as well as the Expanding Your Horizons Converence at the University of Colorado.

1998

 

American Association of University Women, Gender Gaps: Where Schools Still Fail Our Children, 1998.

Addresses broader issues than just technology, but an excellent publication on the general topic of gender equity in our schools.

Asimov, Nanette, "Fewer Teen Girls Enrolling in Technology Classes," The San Francisco Chronicle, October 14, 1998, Final Edition.

Reports on AAUW's "Gender Gaps: Where Schools Still Fail Our Children."

Furger, Roberta, Does Jane Compute?, Warner Books, 1998.

An excellent resource. An in-depth look at the causes and potential solutions to problem of gender equity in computing.

Hafner, Katie, "Girl Games: Plenty and Pink," The New York Times, September 10, 1998, Late Edition.

Reports on the increase of games and software aimed at girls.  Opinions are given as to whether this is a step in the right direction.  Quotes from Justine Cassell (assistant professor at MIT's Media Lab), Steve Jobs, Jo Sanders (director of the Center for Gender Equity at the Washington Research Institute in Seattle), Maria Klawe (Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of British Comumbia in Vancouver), and others.

Haller, S. M., and Fossum, T. V., "Retaining Women in CS with Accessible Role Models,"  SIGCSE '98, Atlanta GA, pp. 73-76.

Details a project at the University of Wisconsin - Parkside aimed at attracting and retaining women.  Include mentoring by older students, emoloyment of women in equal numbers, changes in laboratories and curriculum.

Lewin, Tamar, "Report Finds Girls Lagging Behind Boys in Technology," The New York Times, October 14, 1998, Late Edition.

Reports on AAUW's "Gender Gaps: Where Schools Still Fail Our Children," quoting executeive director of the association, Janice Weinman.

Pillar, Charles, "The Gender Gap Goes High Tech," The Los Angeles Times, August 25, 1998, Home Edition.

Good discussion of the overall problem.  Several good quotes.

Scragg, Greg, and Smith, Jesse, "A Study of Barriers to Women in Undergraduate Computer Science," SIGSCE '98, Atlanta, GA, pp. 82-86.

Reports on a study at SUNY Geneseo regarding retention of women in CS.  Findings suggest that the most effective way to increase the number of women in CS is by focusing on recruitment, including outreach to seconday schools.

1997

 

Brunner, Cornelia, and Bennett, Dorothy, "Technology and Gender: Difference in Masculine and Feminine Views," NASSP Bulletin, Vol. 81, November 1997, pp. 46-51.

Reports on a series of studies at the Center for Children and technology of the Ecudational Development Center on gender differences around attitudes and approaches to technology, why they exist and suggestions on what to do about them.

Fisher, A., Margolis, J., and Miller, F.  "Undergraduate Women in Computer Science: Experience, Motivation and Culture," ACM SIGCSE Technical Symposium, February 1997.  Avaliable at www.cs.cmu.edu/~gendergap/papers.

Reports on excellent research conducted at Carnegie Mellon.

Margolis, J., and Fisher, A..  "Geek Mythology and Attracting Undergraduate Women to Computer Science," Impacting Change Through Collaboration, proceedings of the Joint National Conference of the Women in Engineering Advocates Network and the National Association of Minority Program Administrators, March 1997.  Avaliable at www.cs.cmu.edu/~gendergap/papers.

Reports on excellent research conducted at Carnegie Mellon.

National Coalition of Girls' Schools, "Resource Guide-Girls & Technology," 1997, pp. 8-20.

Contains tips for schools and parents.

National Coalition of Girls' Schoold, The Idea Book for Educators & Parents, www.ncgs.org.

Publication giving a tremendous amount of information - discussion of the problem, tips for all involved, specific exercises by grade level, Internet sites of interest to girls, etc.

1996

 

American Association of University Women, Girls in the Middle: Working to Succeed in School, 1996.

Addresses broader issues than just technology, but an excellent publication on the general topic of social issues faced by young girls in our schools.

Joiner, R., Messer, D., Littleton, K., and Light, P. "Gender, Computer Experience and Computer-based Problem Solving," Computers Education, Vol. 26, No. 1-3, pp. 179-187, 1996.

Reports on a study examining the effect of software type (for games) on boys and girls.

Mannes, George, "Girls Turn Page on Technology: Web Sites and CD Roms Try to Bridge Adolescent Gender Gap," New York Daily News, June 23, 1996.

 Reports on the new wave of software aimed at girls.